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Nutritional status of patients with acute leukemia during the oncological treatment
Kupilíková, Veronika ; Šťastná-Marková, Markéta (advisor) ; Křížová, Jarmila (referee)
Acute leukemia is defined as a heterogeneous group of malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which nutritional disorders occur in patients with acute leukemia during the cancer treatment, their severity, the most common causes of weight loss, and the extent to which different forms of nutritional intervention are applied in patients. The research was carried out in the Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, during the hospitalization of patients in the inpatient ward, intensive care unit and transplant unit. The study population consisted of 40 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia. Outcomes from nutritional status screening (MNA questionnaire, BMI, weight, mid arm circumference, calf circumference, BIA, biochemical nutritional parameters), and functional assessment (ECOG PS, Chair-stand test, Hand grip test) were used to process the practical part and answer the research questions. Measurements were performed twice with approximately one month intervals. The study confirmed weight loss since the onset of the disease in 95 % of patients. The dominant cause of weight loss was identified in 80 % as lack of appetite. Nutritional screening by MNA evaluated the patient population with a mean score of 22,8 ± 2,9, referring to the risk...
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Nutritional intervention in patients with obesity as part of comprehensive lifestyle modification
Mlynčár, Filip ; Forišek Paulová, Petronela (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
Introduction: Despite advances in the treatment of obesity, lifestyle intervention remains a key element of therapy. Successful weight loss requires increase in physical activity and modifications of dietary patterns, leading to a negative energy balance. This process requires time, patience, and the expertise of a multidisciplinary team. Nutrition therapist provides patients with obesity individualized dietary recommendations tailored to their health status and current living conditions. Regular nutritional intervention significantly contributes to higher success rates in weight reduction and maintanence of weight loss and dietary and exercise habits. Objectives: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the positive effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program on body parameters and dietary habits in study population of patients over a three-month period. The effects of this program will be evaluated by comparing the body parameters with a control group of patients from the clinical study, who did not undergo this intervention. Methodology: Data collection was conducted at the Biomedical Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava. The research included adult individuals with a BMI above 29 kg/m2 who underwent a comprehensive lifestyle intervention as a part of clinical...
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Specifics of nutrition for non-healing wounds in hospitalization care
RANŠOVÁ, Radka
This BA thesis deals with specifics of nutrition for non-healing wounds in hospitalization care. Defining the terms "nutrition in hospitals" and "clinical nutrition and its most significant aspects" was the theoretical background for the empirical part of the thesis. Since clinical nutrition is a very broad field, the theoretical part was only focused on the most significant aspects which characterize the specifics of nutrition for non-healing wounds in hospitalization care. Furthermore, the theoretical part of the thesis focuses on description of skin anatomy and physiology to enable full understanding of the consequences of skin integrity damage. The scope of nutritional support also depends on the type and size of the wound, which are described in the theoretical part. The empirical part compares nutritional care of two patients with a vast devastating wound. Both case studies describe the extent and process of nutritional intervention, which can be used as a methodological plan of nutritional care. In nutritional intervention special attention is given to the education of the patient and his family members regarding the patient's nutrition. The aim of these education processes is to prove or disprove a general expert assumption about the effects of education and support of the patient's family members on the patient's treatment and cooperation.
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The effect of nutritional intervention in patients with obesity and atrial fibrillation
Buzická, Julie ; Souza Lopes, Kristýna (advisor) ; Havránek, Štěpán (referee)
Introduction: Due to its high and increasing prevalence, obesity is among the most prevalent and one of the most serious risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. It is well established that there is an epidemiological link between obesity and atrial fibrillation and the risk of atrial fibrillation increases with increasing BMI. Studies show that weight reduction combined with antiarrhythmic drug therapy has a good effect in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in some patients. Nutritional intervention is an important part of the treatment of obesity and for this reason this paper focuses on its effect. Objectives: The aim of this theses is to evaluate the effect of individual nutritional intervention using telemedicine in obese patients with atrial fibrillation on the intake of total energy, individual major nutrients and fibre. In addition, the development of body weight and adipose tissue mass over a 6 month period should be evaluated. A secondary objective is to evaluate the exercise intervention based on the number of steps per day. Methods: Data were collected on III. Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, in the outpatient clinic of dietitians. The study included...
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The effect of nutritional intervention on weight development, development of body composition and dietary changes in obese patients
Lahodová, Klára ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Souza Lopes, Kristýna (referee)
Introduction: Despite modern methods of obesity treatment, such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, lifestyle intervention remains a key element of therapy. Changing exercise and dietary habits leading to a negative energy balance is a prerequisite for weight reduction. Undoubtedly, this is a long-term process in which the patient needs the professional supervision of a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals. Dietitians provide the obese patient with individualized dietary recommendations with regard to his or her health and current living conditions. Thus, regular nutritional intervention can contribute to a higher success of the reduction regime. Objectives: The aim of this theses is to find out what effect nutritional intervention has on the development of body weight, body composition and dietary regime in a cohort of obese patients who consulted with a dietitian during 6 months. To compare changes in body weight, a control group of obesity outpatients who were under the care of a physician only and had not attended any consultation with a dietitian or had attended at most one nutritional consultation was selected. Methodology: Data collection took place on III. Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles...
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The influence of enteral nutrition on the course of Crohn's disease
Homzová, Nikola ; Lukáš, Milan (advisor) ; Bortlík, Martin (referee)
Introduction: Crohn's disease is an illness of the digestive tract with an uncertain etiology which threatens the nutritional state of patients and in addition to other problems results in a worsening of the disease in reaction to primary treatment. The possibilities of optimizing the nutritional state are several: changing diet, enteral or parenteral nutrition or combination of both. It is necessary to arrange an entirely individual approach for ensuring the highest measure of attention and nutritional effectiveness. Methods: The influence of enteral nutrition was monitored during a course of Crohn's disease. 84 patients with malnutrition and with an active form of Crohn's disease were included in this study. They were divided into 2 groups according to the type and dosage of enteral nutrition. The first group included patients who used partial enteral nutrition in the form of sipping with an energy value of 1200 kcal daily. Patients covered the remaining energy needs with a low-residue diet enriched by soluble fiber. The second group included patients who were given exclusive oligomeric enteral nutrition with a nasojejunal tube for a period of eight weeks. The amount of enteral nutrition in both groups was individually adjusted and calculated, according to the Harris-Benedict equation. The...
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Physiotherapy in Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction and Aspects Influencing their Convalescence
Zídková, Veronika ; Kurfürstová, Martina (advisor) ; Novotná, Marie (referee)
BAKALÁŘSKÉ PRÁCE Title: Physiotherapy in Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction and Aspects Influencing their Convalescence Abstract: This bachelor's thesis deals with physiotherapy and the application principles of secondary prevention in the hospital phase of rehabilitation in patients after acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this thesis is to describe the physiotherapeutical management in the hospital phase and the ways in which a physiotherapist can influence a lifestyle change of the patient. The design of this work is theoretical-practical. In the theoretical section, facts about the anatomy of the heart and myocardial infarction are summarised. The main chapters are devoted to the physiotherapeutical management in the hospital phase and to the aspects of secondary prevention which deal with risk factors of ischaemic heart disease. In the practical section, the course of the physiotherapeutical management is described in two case studies, as well as preventive intervention focusing on quitting smoking, change of dietary habits, increase in physical activity and the screening for depression and other psychosocial risk factors in two patients after acute myocardial infarction during their hospital stay in the General Teaching Hospital in Prague. Key words: acute myocardial infarction,...
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The effect of education in chronically hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia
Ben-Perets, Diana Ester ; Karbanová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
High levels of phosphorus, hyperphosphatemia, are a serious problem in the treatment of hemodialysis patients. These patients are affected by a number of other limitations. In addition to monitoring their phosphorus levels, they must also monitor their levels of potassium, sodium, fluids and macronutrients. This often makes dieting a difficult task. If they follow this diet very strictly, they can consume a diet low in fruits and vegetables, which contributes to atherogenesis, and low in protein, which leads to malnutrition. Patients must also take a relatively large amount of medication with each meal, which can cause various dyspeptic problems in some patients. Even dialysis itself can be a very limiting element in their personal and professional lives. The result is usually patient dissatisfaction and low compliance with some recommendations. The task of the nutritional therapist is to educate patients about the balanced ratio of protein and phosphorus, to teach them about the need to use phosphate binders and to increase their health literacy about the consequences of high phosphate levels on the body. The main goal of this bachelor thesis was to investigate the effect of education on the nutritional behavior of dialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. The study included a group of 37...
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The influence of enteral nutrition on the course of Crohn's disease
Homzová, Nikola ; Lukáš, Milan (advisor) ; Bortlík, Martin (referee)
Introduction: Crohn's disease is an illness of the digestive tract with an uncertain etiology which threatens the nutritional state of patients and in addition to other problems results in a worsening of the disease in reaction to primary treatment. The possibilities of optimizing the nutritional state are several: changing diet, enteral or parenteral nutrition or combination of both. It is necessary to arrange an entirely individual approach for ensuring the highest measure of attention and nutritional effectiveness. Methods: The influence of enteral nutrition was monitored during a course of Crohn's disease. 84 patients with malnutrition and with an active form of Crohn's disease were included in this study. They were divided into 2 groups according to the type and dosage of enteral nutrition. The first group included patients who used partial enteral nutrition in the form of sipping with an energy value of 1200 kcal daily. Patients covered the remaining energy needs with a low-residue diet enriched by soluble fiber. The second group included patients who were given exclusive oligomeric enteral nutrition with a nasojejunal tube for a period of eight weeks. The amount of enteral nutrition in both groups was individually adjusted and calculated, according to the Harris-Benedict equation. The...
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The need for nutritional intervention for patients after stroke
Šišková, Ivana ; Hlinovský, David (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
Need of nutritional intervention in patients after stroke Summary Aims: To identify how many patients after acute stroke have accurate oral intake of energy and proteins and how is this condition changed after one month of hospitalization. To evaluate the association between dysphagia and food intake. Methods: The evaluation was conducted by observations of food intake, eaten food records, calculating of energy and nutrients intake and comparing to needed energy (by Harris-Benedicts equation) and proteins. GUSS screening tool was used to evaluation of swallowing, ADL test for self-sufficiency assessment. Data included antropometrical indicators (weight, height, arm circumference) and nutritional screenings in Thomayer hospital in Prague. Results: Of the 35 patients, 54 % had adequate oral intake of energy and 23 % adequate intake of proteins in the first week after stroke. Adequate oral intake of energy was indicated in 66 % of patients and adequate intake of proteins in 11 % after one month of hospitalization. There were no significant improvements of oral energy intake (p=0,2891, α=0,05) or protein intake (p=0,1336, α=0,05) after one month of hospitalization. 84,4 % of patients suffered from dysphagia in first week after stroke and 60,6 % after one month of hospitalization. Correlation between inadequate...
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